ARTICLE ON PHP 7

PHP 7

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) developed as an open source by Danish Greenlander Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 but now the PHP (is server-side script language) development team announced the immediate exclusively availability of PHP 7.0.0 RC 6. This is the eleventh pre-release of the new PHP 7 major series.

PHP 7.0.0 RC 6 contains fixes for some reported bugs and marks the end of the pre-release circle.

ü  Improved performance: PHP 7 is up to twice as fast as PHP 5.6

ü  Consistent 64-bit support

ü  Many fatal errors are now Exceptions

ü  Removal of old and unsupported SAPIs and extensions

ü  The null coalescing operator (??)

ü  Combined comparison Operator (<=>)

ü  Return Type Declarations

ü  Scalar Type Declarations

ü  Anonymous Classes

Thanks & Warm Regards

Shiv Chandra Gupta

Top of Form

Complete Description about E-COMMERCE

INTRODUCTION  ABOUT  E-COMMERCE

What is E-Commerce?

          E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce E-Business or E-Tailing) can be defined as:

—  The buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, using the World Wide Web.

—  A more detailed explanation is difficult because the nature of E-Commerce is constantly changing.

—  It involves business transactions over the Internet.

—  Recently technological developments now allow E-Commerce transactions to take place mobile phone using and television, and the marketplace is growing rapidly.

—  The Internet has become the 24-hour convenience store with a worldwide audience. Some businesses won't survive if they ignore E-Commerce.

—  E-Commerce is the way of the future, and organizations can't afford to ignore the opportunities that this fantastic new medium brings. The development and rise of E-Commerce in recent years has been the biggest challenge to face organizations.

—  E-Commerce is more than just selling on a website, and whilst the use of E-Commerce will vary widely between companies it will be driven by business needs rather than technology. 

                                                   E-Commerce Diagram

Driving Forces for E-Commerce

Ø Market and Economic Pressures

§  Strong competition

§  Global Economy

§  Extremely Low Labour Cost in Some Countries

§  Frequent Changes in Market demands

§  Increase Expectation of Consumers

§  Awareness Among Consumers

Ø Societal And Environmental Pressures

—  Government Regulations

—  Reductions in Government subsidies

—  Rapid Political Changes

Ø Technological Pressures

—  Rapid Technological Changes

—  Innovative Technologies

—  Information Overload

—  Digital Convergence

Pros of E-commerce

• Cost effective and Time saving

•  Better Productivity against competitors 
•   Consumers have an access to a wider range of products

• —  Allows small businesses to mix with the big business online 

• —  Provide benefits to suppliers of goods and services

• —  Business is Open 24 x 7 x 364 7/8

• —  Messages spreading (world wide market space)

• —  Help protect against frauds and theft losses

• —  Thinking Outside the Globe

Cons of E-commerce

• —  Purchase to Delivery

• —  Inability to Feel the Physical

• —  Trouble recruiting and retaining employees 

• —  Consumers feel less confident with their credit card numbers 

• —  Customer Service and Relation Problem

• —  Unreliable respect to Payment Method

Architectural Framework

          Components of this framework are:

Ø Network Infrastructure

Ø Multimedia Contents And Network Publishing Infrastructure

Ø Messaging And Information Distribution Infrastructure

Ø Common Business Services Infrastructure

Ø Public Policy And Technical Standards Policy And Technical Standards

THANKS AND WARM REGARDS

Shiv Gupta

The various types of predefined exception classes

Java defines several exception classes inside the standard package java.lang.

The most general of these exceptions are subclasses of the standard type RuntimeException. Since java.lang is implicitly imported into all Java programs, most exceptions derived from RuntimeException are automatically available.

Java defines several other types of exceptions that related to its various class libraries. Following is the list of Java Unchecked RuntimeException.

Exception	Description
ArithmeticException	Arithmetic error, such as divide-by-zero.
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException	Array index is out-of-bounds.
ArrayStoreException	Assignment to an array element of an incompatible type.
ClassCastException	Invalid cast.
IllegalArgumentException	Illegal argument used to invoke a method.
IllegalMonitorStateException	Illegal monitor operation, such as waiting on an unlocked thread.
IllegalStateException	Environment or application is in incorrect state.
IllegalThreadStateException	Requested operation not compatible with current thread state.
IndexOutOfBoundsException	Some type of index is out-of-bounds.
NegativeArraySizeException	Array created with a negative size.
NullPointerException	Invalid use of a null reference.
NumberFormatException	Invalid conversion of a string to a numeric format.
SecurityException	Attempt to violate security.
StringIndexOutOfBounds	Attempt to index outside the bounds of a string.
UnsupportedOperationException	An unsupported operation was encountered.

The following is the list of Java Checked Exceptions Defined in java.lang.

Exception	Description
ClassNotFoundException	Class not found.
CloneNotSupportedException	Attempt to clone an object that does not implement the Cloneable interface.
IllegalAccessException	Access to a class is denied.
InstantiationException	Attempt to create an object of an abstract class or interface.
InterruptedException	One thread has been interrupted by another thread.
NoSuchFieldException	A requested field does not exist.
NoSuchMethodException	A requested method does not exist.

4th Generation Techniques in Software Engineering

                         Software Engineering- Fourth Generation Techniques

             Implementation using a 4GL(4th Generation Techniques) enables the software developer to represent desired results in a manner that leads to automatic generation of code to create those results. Obviously, a data structure with relevant information must exist and be readily accessible by the 4GL. To transform a 4GT implementation into a product, the developer must conduct thorough testing, develop meaningful documentation, and perform all other solution integration activities that are required in other software engineering paradigms. In addition, the 4GT developed software must be built in a manner that enables maintenance to be performed expeditiously.


Software development environment that supports the 4GT paradigm includes some or all of the following tools: 
1) Non-procedural languages for database query 
2) Report generation 
3) Data manipulation
4) Screen interaction and definition
5) Code generation and High-level graphics capability 
6) Spreadsheet capability 
7) Automated generation of HTML and similar languages used for Web-site creation using advanced software tools.


Pros and Cons Proponents claim dramatic reduction in software development time and greatly improved productivity for people who build software. Opponents claim that current 4GT tools are not all that much easier to use than programming languages, that the resultant source code produced by such tools is "inefficient" and that the maintainability of large software systems developed using 4GT is open to question.

Advantages: 

 Simplified the programming process.

 Use non-procedural languages that encourage users and programmers to specify the results they want, while the computers determines the sequence of instruction that will accomplish those results. 

 Use natural languages that impose no rigid grammatical rules. 

Disadvantages: 

 Less flexible that other languages 

 Programs written in 4GLs are generally far less efficient during program execution that programs in high-level languages. 

Therefore, their use is limited to projects that do not call for such efficiency.

Online Examination System Project (visual clip)

Today News: useful links

Some useful links are here:

http://shivgblog.blogspot.in/

http://www.way2success.com/test/gtest.php?action=pqsetup#

http://www.facebook.com/appcenter/soundcloud?fb_source=appcenter

http://www.facebook.com/appcenter/ninegag?fb_source=appcenter

These links are to be connect with me:

https://www.facebook.com/shivgu 

https://plus.google.com/u/0/112725141253407935278/about

JAVA: Interface

JAVA  Interface Implementation

This is how a class implements an interface. It has to provide the body of all the methods that are declared in interface. Interface is like a class but not exactly a class.

Note: Class implements interface but an interface extends another interface.

Example:
interface MyInterface
{
public void method1();
public void method2();
}
class XYZ implements MyInterface
{
public void method1()
{
System . out .println("implementation of method1");
}
public void method2()
{
System . out .println("implementation of method2");
}
public static void main(String arg[])
{
MyInterface obj = new XYZ();
obj.method1();
}
}

Output:
implementation of method1